Casual speech, informal speech level
The informal form is used mainly when talking with close friends and classmates and among family members. Because it is less polite than the -아/어요 form, if you use it when speaking to someone with whom you are not familiar; it can come across as rude even if the person is younger than you. In most cases, the informal form is made by omitting 요 from -아/어요, but there are exceptions depending on the sentence style.
1. Declarative and Interrogative Sentences: The present and past tense forms of declarative and interrogative sentences in the informal form are made by removing 요 from the ends of -아/어요 and -았/었어요. The future tense form is made by adding (으)ㄹ 거야 to the stem.
1 - 아니다 is written as 아니야 for the present tense and as 아니었어 for the past tense. When answering a question, 응 or 어 is used for 네, and 아니 is used for 아니요.
2 - While -아/어? can be used with superiors and those older than you if you are on familiar terms with them, -니? cannot be used in such cases.
(친구 사이)
(동생과 누나 사이)
2. Imperative Sentences: For imperative sentences, either -아/어 or -아/어라 is added to the verb stem. To make a negative imperative sentence, either -지 마 or -지 마라 is used.
Note that while -아/어 can be used when talking with those older than you or superior in social rank if they are close acquaintances, -아/어라 cannot be used in such cases. In other words, -아/어라 is used with those younger or of a more inferior social status when compared to those with whom -아/어 can be used.
(동생과 오빠 사이)
3. Propositive Sentences: For propositive sentences, -아/어 or -자 can be added to the verb stem. To make a negative propositive sentence, -지 말자 is added to the stem.
4. Word Variation
In informal Korean, the 1st person pronoun 저/제 changes to 나/내. The 2nd person pronoun is 너/네.
5. Calling Others by Name
The particle 아/야 is added to the names of others when calling out to them verbally. However, it sounds strange to add this particle to the non-Korean names of foreigners.
아/야 is not added to the names of foreigners.
6. People's Names
When referring to a person by name, if the person is a close acquaintance or is younger than you, then 이 should be added if the name ends in a final consonant, However, 이 is not added to the names of foreigners.
Note, however, that for Chinese names in Chinese characters that are pronounced according to the Korean readings for the characters, 이 is added when the name ends in a final consonant. For example, the Chinese name 샤오펀 (小芬) becomes 소분 when read according to the Korean readings of the two Chinese characters. Thus, while 사오펀 does not take 이，소분 does.
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