-a

Explanation

1. -a
A connective ending used when the preceding statement happened before the following statement or was the ways or means to the following statement.

2. -a
A connective ending used when the preceding statement is the cause or reason for the following statement.

3. -a
A connective ending used to connect a verb and adjective with such auxiliary predicate elements as '두다,' '버리다,' '보다,' '있다,' and '주다.'

4. -a
(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to describe a certain fact, ask a question, give an order, or advise.

Examples
영수는 사과를 깎아 그릇에 담았다
딱따구리가 껍질을 쪼아 열매를 깠다
승규는 어릴 때부터 이 동네에서 살아 동네에 모르는 곳이 없었다

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