-고도

Even after, And yet, Even though, But still

Explanation

This expression is used to indicate that some unexpected action or situation occurs in the following clause after the completion of the action in the preceding clause. It only attaches to verbs.

Details

1. The subjects of the preceding and following clauses must be the same when using this expression.

동생이 도자기를 깨고도 제가 깼다고 했어요. ✕
→동생이 도자기를 깨고도 (동생이) 깨지 않았다고 했어요. ✓
→동생이 도자기를 깼지만 제가 깼다고 했어요. ✓

2. This expression cannot be used with endings that express tense, such as -았/었 and -겠-.

그 친구는 늦게 왔고도 사과하지 않았다. ✕
→그 친구는 늦게 오고도 사과하지 않았다. ✓

3. This expression can attach to some adjectives to refer to the fact that something simultaneously has two opposing characteristics.

  • 가깝고도 먼 나라 (a near, but far, country)
  • 길고도 짧은 인생 (a long, but short, life)
  • 넓고도 좁은 세상 (a big, but small, world)
  • 슬프고도 아름다운 이야기 (a sad, but beautiful, story)