하다 contraction: 하다 → 하 + 였어요 → 하였어요 → 했어요 (did)
Regular ㅏ/ㅗ: 잡다 → 잡 + 았어요 → 잡았어요 (caught)
Regular other vowel: 먹다 → 먹 + 었어요 → 먹었어요 (ate)
ㅏ + 았어요 contraction: 가다 → 가 + 았어요 → 가았어요 → 갔어요 (went)
ㅗ + 았어요 → ㅘㅆ어요: 보다 → 보 + 았어요 → 보았어요 → 봤어요 (saw / watched)
ㅐ + 었어요 contraction: 보내다 → 보내 + 었어요 → 보내었어요 → 보냈어요 (sent)
ㅜ + 었어요 → ㅝㅆ어요: 배우다 → 배우 + 었어요 → 배우었어요 → 배웠어요 (learned)
ㅣ + 었어요 → ㅕㅆ어요: 마시다 → 마시 + 었어요 → 마시었어요 → 마셨어요 (drank)
ㅚ + 었어요 → ㅙㅆ어요: 되다 → 되 + 었어요 → 되었어요 → 됐어요 (became)
Complex vowel, no contraction: 쉬다 → 쉬 + 었어요 → 쉬었어요 (rested)
ㄹ-final regular here: 살다 → 살 + 았어요 → 살았어요 (lived)
The past tense form of adjectives and verbs is formed by adding -았/었 to their word stems.
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When the word stem ends in the vowel ㅏ or ㅗ, 았어요 is added.
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When it ends in any other vowel, -었어요 is added.
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For verbs and adjectives ending in 하다, -였어요 is added to form 히 + 였어요, which is then shortened to 했어요. In the case of the formal polite style, -았/었습니다 and 했습니다 are used.
Details
For ex:
Note: While the past tense of 주다 can be written either as 주었어요 or 웠어요，and the past tense of 보다 can be written either as 보았어요 or 봤어요, the past tense of 오다 is written only as 왔어요, not 오았어요.
- 주다 + -었어요 ᅳ>주었어요 ✓ 줬어요 ✓
- 보다 + -았어요 一> 보았어요 ✓ 봤어요 ✓
- 오다 + -았어요 一> 왔어요 ✓ 오았어요 ✕
Kimchi Reader
Indicate that an event happened in the past.